The Kennedytunnel is an important road, rail and bicycle tunnel to the south of Antwerp under the Scheldt. The road tunnel forms a part of Highway R1, the not yet completed inner ring motorway surrounding the city. Opened to road traffic on 31 May 1969, and to rail traffic on 1 February 1970, the tunnel was named after John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States. The railway tunnel was opened in 1970.
Plans for this tunnel dated from the fifties. Between 1945 and 1960 the volume of traffic going through the Waaslandtunnel had quintupled, so by the end of the fifties this tunnel had to accommodate more than 38.000 vehicles a day. Because of the resulting daily congestion on both sides of the river crossing, the construction of a second crossing was deemed a necessity. In 1958 the layout for the E3 was established, and an invitation to tender was issued for a bridge or a tunnel. In 1963, Minister Georges Bohy, following the advice of his technical experts, decided in favour of a tunnel.
In effect, the Kennedytunnel consists of four parallel tunnels. Two road tunnels, 14.25 m wide, each sufficient for three lanes of traffic, run on either side of a 4 m wide bicycle tunnel. Fifteen meters below sea level there is a rail tunnel 10.5 m wide.
The road tunnel was the scene of a particularly severe fatal traffic accident in October 2006 [1], after which traffic speed during working hours has been restricted to 70 km/h, rather than to the higher 100 km/h limit applicable on the rest of the Antwerp Inner Ring Road. The year before, 2005, extra metal crash barriers had been added.[2]